Form Authentication Active Directory Command' title='Form Authentication Active Directory Command' />Net.Scaler Gateway LDAP Authentication Carl Stalhood.Navigation. LDAP Load Balancing.Before you create an LDAP authentication policy, load balance the Domain Controllers.If you dont load balance your Domain Controllers, then when users enter an incorrect password, the user account will be prematurely locked out.If you have multiple domains, create different Load Balancing Virtual Servers for each domain.These multiple Load Balancing Virtual Servers can share the same VIP if their port numbers are different.You will notice that three settings were specified in the command.This is because Basic, Integrated, and Digest Authentication can be enabled concurrently so that.Or you can use a different VIP for each domain.Verify LDAPSUse the tool ldp.Domain Controllers have valid certificates installed, and the service account is able to bind to the LDAP tree.AD_Powershell_01.jpg' alt='Form Authentication Active Directory Command' title='Form Authentication Active Directory Command' />Remote Server Administration Tools AD DS Snap Ins and Command Line ToolsRun ldp.Open the Connection menu, and click Connect.Check the box next to SSL.Change the port to 6.Then enter the FQDN of a Domain Controller, and click OK.If it connected successfully, you can then attempt a bind.LDAP-autentifikacii-v-InterSystems-Cach%C3%A9-na-baze-Microsoft-Active-Directory-2.png' alt='Form Authentication Active Directory Command' title='Form Authentication Active Directory Command' />If the connection was unsuccessful, then theres probably an issue with the certificate installed on the Domain Controller.Open the Connection menu and click Bind.Change the Bind type to Simple bind.Then enter the service account credentials.You can use DOMAINUsername, or you can use UsernameDomain.Click OK. Look on the right pane to verify a successful bind.If not, fix the credentials and try again.Once you have successfully binded, you can view the directory tree by opening the View menu, and click Tree.Click the drop down to view the directory partitions.Repeat these steps to verify each Domain Controller and any load balanced LDAPS.LDAP Server. To create the LDAP Authentication Server, and LDAP Authentication Policy, do the following On the left, expand Net.Scaler Gateway Policies Authentication, and click LDAP.On the right, switch to the Servers tab, and click Add near the top.Enter LDAP Corp as the name.If you have multiple domains, youll need a separate LDAP Server per domain, so make sure you include the domain name.Change the selection to Server IP.Enter the VIP of the Net.Scaler load balancing v.Server for LDAP. Change the Security Type to SSL.Enter 6. 36 as the Port.Scroll down. Note there is a checkbox for Validate LDAP Server Certificate.If you want to do this, see Citrix Discussions for instructions for loading the root certificate to nsconfigtruststore.In the Connection Settings section, in the Base DN field, enter your Active Directory DNS domain name in LDAP format.In the Administrator Bind DN field, enter the credentials of the LDAP bind account in user.Principal. Name format.Domainusername also works.Check the box next to Bind.DN Password and enter the password.Scroll down. In the Other Settings section, use the drop down next to Server Logon Name Attribute, Group Attribute, and Sub Attribute Name to select the default fields for Active Directory.On the right, check the box next to Allow Password Change.If you want to restrict access to only members of a specific group, in the Search Filter field, enter member.Oflt Group. DN. See the example below.OfCNCitrix. Remote,OUCitrix,DCcorp,DClocal.You can add 1. 2.Without this users will need to be direct members of the filtered group.An easy way to get the full distinguished name of the group is through Active Directory Administrative Center.Double click the group object, and switch to the Extensions page. How To Install A Ceiling Fan With Light One Switch Power . On the right, switch to the Attribute Editor tab.Scroll down to distinguished.Name, double click it, and then copy it to the clipboard.Back on the Net. Scaler, in the Search Filter field, type in member.Of, and then paste the Distinguished Name right after the equals sign.Dont worry about spaces.Scroll down and click Nested Group Extraction to expand it.If desired, change the selection to Enabled.Set the Group Name Identifier to sam.Account. Name. Set the Group Search Attribute to member.Of. Set the Group Search Sub Attribute to CN.For the Group Search Filter field, see CTX1.Example of LDAP Nested Group Search Filter Syntax.Click Create. LDAP Policy Expression.On the left, expand Net.Scaler Gateway Policies Authentication, and click LDAP.On the right, switch to the Policies tab, and click Add.Name the policy LDAP Corp.If you have multiple domains, then youll need a separate LDAP Policy for each domain, so make sure you include the domain name.Select the previously created LDAP Corp server.On the bottom, click the Saved Policy Expressions drop down, and select the nstrue expression.Click Create. add authentication ldap.Policy LDAP Corp nstrue LDAP Corp.Gateway Authentication Feedback and Licenses.On the left, under Net.Scaler Gateway, click Global Settings.On the right, in the right column, click Change authentication AAA settings.If you are using Gateway features that require Gateway Universal licenses, then change the Maximum Number of Users to the number of Gateway Universal licenses you have installed on this appliance.This field has a default value of 5, and administrators frequently forget to change it, thus only allowing 5 users to connect.If desired, check the box for Enable Enhanced Authentication Feedback.This feature provides a message to users if authentication fails.The message users receive include password errors, account disabled or locked, or the user is not found, to name a few.Click OK. set aaa parameter enable.Enhanced. Auth. Feedback YES max.AAAUsers 2. 00. Next Step.For two factor, configure RADIUS Authentication.Otherwise, Configure Net.Scaler Gateway Session Policies.Multiple Domains.To support multiple Active Directory domains on a Net.Scaler Gateway, you create multiple LDAP authentication policies, one for each Active Directory domain, and bind all of the LDAP policies to the Net.Scaler Gateway Virtual Server.When the user logs into Net.Scaler Gateway, only the username and password are entered.The Net. Scaler will then loop through each of the LDAP policies in priority order until it finds one that contains the entered usernamepassword.What if the same username is present in multiple domainsAs Net.Scaler loops through the LDAP policies, as soon as it finds one with the specified username, it will try to authenticate with that particular LDAP policy.If the password doesnt match the user account for the attempted domain then a failed logon attempt will be logged in that domain and Net.Scaler will try the next domain.Unfortunately, the only way to enter a realmdomain name during user authentication is to require users to login using user.Principal. Names.To use user. Principal.Name, set the LDAP PolicyServer with the Server Logon Name Attribute set to user.Principal. Name. You can even do a combination of policies some with sam.Account. Name and some with user.Principal. Name. The sam.Account. Name policies would be searched in priority order, and the user.Principal. Name policies can be used to override the search order.Bind the user. Principal.Name policies higher lower priority number than the sam.Account. Name policies.After authentication is complete, a Session Policy will be applied that has the Store.Front URL. The Net.Scaler Gateway will attempt to log into Store.Front using SSO so the user doesnt have to login again.When logging into Net.Scaler Gateway, only two fields are required username and password.However, when logging in to Store.Front, a third field is required domain name.So how does Net. Scaler specify the domain name while logging in to Store.Front There are two methods of specifying the domain AAA Group Configure multiple session policies with unique Single Sign on Domains.Inside the Session Policy is a field called Single Sign on Domain for specifying the Net.BIOS domain name.If there is only one Active Directory domain, then you can use the same Session Policy for all users.However, if there are multiple domains, then you would need multiple Session Policies, one for each Active Directory domain.But as the Net. Scaler loops through the LDAP policies during authentication, once a successful LDAP policy is found, you need a method of linking an LDAP policy with a Session Policy that has the corresponding SSO Domain.This is typically done using AAA groups.This method is not detailed here but the general steps are In the LDAP policyserver, specify a Default Authentication Group.Create a AAA Group that matches it.Then bind the corresponding Session Policy to that AAA group.How to use Kerberos Authentication in a Mixed Windows and UNIX Environment.The Kerberos authentication method originated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1.Athena that involved integrating the computers on the MIT campus, which ran on different operating systems, in a network that offered single sign on SSO.At that time, most UNIX systems allowed users to access their resources as long as they had an account name and password.Microsofts first real networking operating system was NT Windows for Workgroups supported file and printer sharing but not network logon.It used Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol CHAP and later a stronger version, MS CHAP.Due to weaknesses in the CHAP method and for better interoperability in mixed environments those that ran both UNIX and Windows systems, Microsoft switched to Kerberos as the default authentication protocol beginning with Windows 2.Mac OS X, which is based on UNIX, also uses Kerberos, so it is the protocol of choice for mixed network environments.Note Prior to changes in federal laws in 2.Kerberos along with many other cryptography methods was classified as a munition by the U.S. government and could not be exported outside the country.How Kerberos Works The current version of Kerberos is v.This is the version on which Microsofts implementation in Windows 2.XPServer 2. 00. 3 is based.Windows 2. 00. 0 and Server 2.Kerberos by default.Domains that must authenticate NT systems along with the newer operating systems must use NT LAN Manager NTLM authentication.Kerberos was named after Cerberus, the three headed dog of Greek mythology, because of its three components A Key Distribution Center KDC, which is a server that has two components an Authentication Server and a Ticket Granting Service.The client userThe server that the client wants to access.Heres how the logon process works with Kerberos as the authentication method To log on to the network, the user provides an account name and password.The Authentication Server AS component of the KDC accesses Active Directory user account information to verify the credentials.The KDC grants a Ticket Getting Ticket TGT that allows the user to get session tickets to access servers in the domain, without having to enter the credentials again the TGT is good for 1.When the user attempts to access resources on a server in the domain, the TGT is used to make the request.The client presents the TGT to the KDC to obtain a service ticket.The Ticket Granting Service TGS component of the KDC authenticates the TGT and then grants a service ticket.The service ticket consists of a ticket and a session key.A service ticket is created for the client and the server that the client wants to access.The client presents the service ticket to create a session with the service on the server.The server uses its key to decrypt the information from the TGS, and the client is authenticated to the server.If mutual authentication is enabled, the server also authenticates to the client.Mixed Environment Issues.There are some differences between the MIT version of Kerberos 5 and the Microsoft implementation.In the UNIX environment, Kerberos scopes of deployment are called realms.A realm is somewhat similar to a domain in a Windows network.Users belong to specific realms and they authenticate to their respective realms just as Windows network users authenticate to the domains of which they are members.The KDC and the services and applications that use Kerberos make up the realm.Applications and services that use Kerberos are referred to as Kerberized applications.In addition to the application itself, the authentication data is saved in a credential cache.The tickets that are issued to identify Kerberized applications are cached so that they can be reused until their expiration period is up.The MIT version of Kerberos 5 includes the following utilities that can be used to manage Kerberos Kadmin used to make changes to the accounts in the Kerberos database.Klist used to view the tickets in the credential cache.Kinit used to log onto the realm with the clients key.Kdestroy erases the credential cache so it cant be used by an unauthorized user.Kpasswd used to change user passwords.Kprop used to synch the master KDC with replicas, if any.On Windows networks, the domain controller is the KDC in addition to being the Active Directory server.Windows Kerberos supports transitive trusts between domains this means that if Domain 1 trusts Domain 2 and Domain 2 trusts Domain 3, then there is an implicit trust between domains 1 and 3.Windows domains are arranged into hierarchical trees that form a namespace parent domains spawn child domains that incorporate the domain name of the parent.For example, sales.Groups of domain trees comprise a forest.Each tree has its own namespace, but there is a trust relationship between all trees in a forest.Windows uses the standard Kerberos protocol as specified in RFC 1.This means the way Active Directory user accounts are represented to Kerberos is the same as accounts in UNIX realms.Using Kerberos in a Mixed Environment.Windows and MIT KDCs can co exist in a mixed environment.You can have a situation where Windows clients need to authenticate to a UNIX KDC, where non Windows clients need to authenticate to a Windows KDC, or both.You also need to consider the resources being accessed that is, whether theyre stored on a Windows or UNIX server.Youll need to set up the Kerberos client software to use the correct KDC and realm.This is usually configured for logon to the local computer.UNIX clients can be configured to get Kerberos tickets from a Windows domain controller by using the kinit tool to point it to the Windows DC as its primary KDC.Likewise, you can configure Windows clients to authenticate to a UNIX KDC using the following Microsoft command line tool Ksetup, which configures Kerberos realms, KDCs and Kpasswd servers.If network resources reside in an MIT Kerberos realm and you need Windows clients to be able to access them on a regular basis, you can do this by creating a one way trust between Kerberos realm and the Windows domain, so that the realm trusts the domain.This way, when Windows users log onto the Windows domain, the UNIX Kerberos server will automatically trust them because theyve authenticated to the Windows server.If users who log onto the UNIX server also need to access resources in the Windows domain, you can create another trust that goes the other way Windows domain trusts MIT realm, making it a two way trust.Thus, non Windows users log onto the UNIX server and Windows users log onto the Windows server domain controllerKDC, and both can access resources in both the Windows domain and MIT realm because the realm and domain trust each other.You can use account mapping to provide access control and authorization information to the Windows server for the users from the Kerberos realm.To do this, create accounts in the Windows domain that correspond to each account in the Kerberos realm and keep these accounts synchronized with each other.Its also possible to map all the accounts in the Kerberos realm to one account in the Windows domain.You can use Active Directory Service Interface ADSI or Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP to synch Active Directory with the Kerberos database in the MIT realm.For example, you can write a batch script using LDAP and the kadmin utility.For detailed instructions on how to do this, see Appendix A of the Windows 2.Kerberos Interoperability paper on Microsofts Tech.Net site at http www.Now when, for example, a Windows client that is logged onto the Windows domain needs to access resources on the UNIX server, the Windows client will present a ticket issued by the Windows KDC to the UNIX application or service.Because a trust exists between the Windows domain and MIT Kerberos realm, the UNIX resource will accept the ticket and grant access according to the authorization method that is set for that resource.Summary. Kerberos is an authentication standard that can be used in a mixed environment, with Windows domains which are also Kerberos realms co existing with UNIXMIT Kerberos realms.Users in one realm can access resources in the other, through the implementation of two way trusts and account mapping.
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